Resumen En el texto se presentan dos modelos insumo-producto con inoperabilidad que analizan los efectos de la pandemia de Covid-19 en México, ambos utilizan desarrollos metodológicos recientes en los que se realizaron aportaciones en su especificación. El primero, un modelo estático, genera un índice de vulnerabilidad de las ramas económicas, produciendo su prelación para la atención con instrumentos de política económica. El segundo, un modelo dinámico, estima posibles trayectorias de recuperación económica de los sectores, su posible duración, y sus capacidades de resiliencia frente a fenómenos de persistencia de la pandemia. Los modelos se ajustan a los indicadores de corto plazo que produce el INEGI, reflejando un comportamiento heterogéneo entre los sectores; algunos con una tendencia de mediano plazo a no regresar a su capacidad productiva normal.

Abstract The article presents two input-out models with inoperability that analyze the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico. Both use methodological developments in which contributions were made in their specification. The first, a static model, generates a vulnerability index of the economic branches, establishing their priority for attention with economic policy instruments. The second, a dynamic model, estimates possible trajectories of economic recovery of the sectors, their possible duration, and their resilience capacities in the face of persistent phenomena of the pandemic. The models are adjusted to the short-term indicators produced by the INEGI, reflecting a heterogeneous behavior between the sectors; some have a medium-term tendency not to return to their normal productive capacity.

Abstract This article aims to propose a model for quality assurance of functional and non-functional requirements in Software Projects that may be appropriate for the MSME industry and find a propitious scenario to improve its competitiveness in the national and international order based on the products it manufactures. The metamodel was validated from its conceptualization, development, implementation, and evaluation with experts from academia and industry to reduce the gap between them. As a result, the development of an information system adjusted to the needs of regional software producers is achieved, which has the ability to accompany software projects in the management of quality requirements from the first stages, in accordance with the quality characteristics established by international organizations with experience in the discipline.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo para el aseguramiento de la calidad de los requerimientos funcionales y no funcionales en Proyectos de Software que pueda ser apropiado por la industria MiPyme y encuentre en éste un escenario propicio para mejorar su competitividad en el orden nacional e internacional a partir de los productos que fabrica. El mismo fue validado desde su conceptualización, desarrollo, implementación y evaluación con la participación de expertos de la academia e industria para reducir la brecha que existe entre estos. Como resultado, se logra el desarrollo de un sistema de información ajustado a las necesidades de los productores de software regionales del eje cafetero Pereira, Colombia, que tiene la capacidad de acompañar los proyectos de software en la gestión de requisitos de calidad desde etapas tempranas, de acuerdo con características de calidad establecidas por organizaciones internacionales expertas en la disciplina.

Resumen: Este artículo describe el estado en que se encuentran las empresas del sector productivo de Pereira y Dosquebradas, respecto a sus sistemas de gestión ambiental versus los procesos de producción más limpia. La metodología usada en la investigación fue principalmente de tipo descriptiva y exploratorio, en la cual se usó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia en la que participaron 63 empresas y se recolecto la información a través de encuesta. Dentro de los resultados más importantes se encontró que el 56% de las empresas tienen un sistema de gestión ambiental implementado, por otro lado, se puede observar que la mayoría de las empresas que participaron del estudio ya están conscientes de la necesidad de la implementación de este sistema y tienen al menos un colaborador participando en este proceso. Finalmente se presenta a manera de propuesta dos modelos el primero para la implementación de la prevención ambiental y el segundo para la integración de los SGA y los programas de PML.

Abstract: This article describes the state in which the companies of the productive sector of Pereira and Dosquebradas are located, concerning their environmental management systems versus the cleaner production processes. The methodology used in the research is mainly descriptive and exploratory, in the which was used a non-probabilistic sample for convenience where 63 companies participated, and the information was collected through a survey. Among the most important results, it was found that 56% of companies have an environmental management system implemented, on the other hand, it can be seen that most of the companies that participated in the study are already aware of the need for implementation and have at least one collaborator participating in such process. Finally, two models are presented as a proposal, the first for the implementation of environmental prevention and the second for the integration of SGAs and PML programs.

Resumo: Este artigo descreve o estado das empresas do setor produtivo de Pereira e Dosquebradas, no que diz respeito aos seus sistemas de gestão ambiental versus os processos de produção mais limpos. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa é essencialmente descritiva e exploratória em foi utilizada uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência, na qual participaram 63 empresas e as informações foram coletadas por meio de uma pesquisa. Entre os resultados mais importantes é que cerca de 56% das empresas têm sistema de gestão ambiental implementado, por outro lado, você pode ver que a maioria das empresas que participaram do estudo já estão conscientes da necessidade de implementação e ter pelo menos um colaborador participando deste processo. Finalmente, dois modelos são apresentados como uma proposta, a primeira para a implementação da prevenção ambiental e a segunda para a integração de ASGs e programas PML.

AbstractCosta Rica has extensive areas of tropical forests that, managed with care and knowledge, can provide renewable raw materials and conserve biodiversity. Here we characterize the branches, leaves and bark of the "Mora Tree", Maclura tinctoria. We manufactured composite polymeric materials and applied infrared spectrometry, liquid chromatography, optical microscopy, and the analysis of thermal and mechanical properties. We found polyphenols in all parts of the tree. The natural substrate increases crystallization temperature and reduces the crystallinity of low density polyethylene (LDPE). The elasticity modulus is higher for the composite material than for the LDPE. The fibers of this species are a promissing alternative for new products and to reduce the environmental impact of traditional polymeric materials.

Resumen Costa Rica cuenta con extensas áreas de bosques tropicales, las cuales deben ser manejadas con cuidado y con el conocimiento adecuado, para lograr conservar la biodiversidad y proporcionar materias primas renovables. En esta investigación caracterizamos las ramas, las hojas y la corteza de Maclura tinctoria o popularmente conocido como el "árbol de mora". Se fabricaron materiales poliméricos compuestos, posteriormente se aplicó espectrometría de infrarrojos, cromatografía de líquidos, microscopía óptica y se realizó el análisis de las propiedades térmicas y mecánicas de los materiales. Encontramos polifenoles en todas las partes del árbol. El sustrato natural aumenta la temperatura de cristalización y reduce la cristalinidad del polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE). El módulo de elasticidad es más alta para el material compuesto que para el LDPE. Las fibras de esta especie son una alternativa prometedora para los nuevos productos y para reducir el impacto ambiental de los materiales poliméricos tradicionales.

Damage to cartilage causes a loss of type II collagen (Col-II) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG). To restore the original cartilage architecture, cell factors that stimulate Col-II and GAG production are needed. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and transcription factor SOX9 are essential for the synthesis of cartilage matrix, chondrocyte proliferation, and phenotype maintenance. We evaluated the combined effect of IGF-I and SOX9 transgene expression on Col-II and GAG production by cultured human articular chondrocytes. Transient transfection and cotransfection were performed using two mammalian expression plasmids (pCMV-SPORT6), one for each transgene. At day 9 post-transfection, the chondrocytes that were over-expressing IGF-I/SOX9 showed 2-fold increased mRNA expression of the Col-II gene, as well as a 57% increase in Col-II protein, whereas type I collagen expression (Col-I) was decreased by 59.3% compared with controls. The production of GAG by these cells increased significantly compared with the controls at day 9 (3.3- vs 1.8-times, an increase of almost 83%). Thus, IGF-I/SOX9 cotransfected chondrocytes may be useful for cell-based articular cartilage therapies.

Fraturas tibiotársicas são comuns em aves, pois, na maioria das aves, o tibiotarso é o osso mais longo e exposto nesses animais. Fraturas transversais são mais comuns, sendo que as forças de rotação e cisalhamento devem ser estabilizadas de modo a alcançar uma boa regeneração óssea. Um periquito macho do tipo psitacídeo de 230g, com mais de 5 anos, foi recebido apresentando claudicação a 24 horas não devido a transferência de carga. Os exames radiográficos revelaram uma fratura fechada completa, não triturada, transversal de diáfise distal do osso esquerdo tibiotársico. A fixação foi feita com massa epóxi de endurecimento rápido (10 minutos). A fim de avaliar a temperatura de polimerização da massa epóxi e a possibilidade de necrose desses ossos, a temperatura foi registrada a cada 30 segundos durante 12 minutos, com três quantidades diferentes de epóxi em teste in vivo. A temperatura das amostras fragmentadas atingiu um pico de 50-60ºC, em que o pico mais elevado corresponde à maior quantidade de massa epóxi. Quando foram utilizados cerca de 6g de massa de vidraceiro, o pico de temperatura foi de apenas 51ºC. Esse pico foi alterado para 58ºC quando se aumentou a quantidade de massa epóxi quatro vezes. Se a temperatura dos pinos inseridos no osso for superior a 70ºC, pode ocorrer necrose do osso. À luz desses resultados, a fratura foi tratada com 6g de massa epóxi deixada polimerizar sobre uma fixação externa, em configurações 1A 2/2 usando pinos de 1mm, dobrados em 90º e unidos com fios de cerclage. Após 6 semanas da cirurgia, o pássaro tinha formado um calo ósseo primário, sendo os fixadores externos removidos. Com essa abordagem, conclui-se que houve a restauração das funções normais do membro e total recuperação da ave.

Tibiotarsal fractures are common in birds because in most birds this is the longest, most exposed bone in the leg. Transverse fractures are most common and rotational and shear forces must be stabilized in order to achieve good bone regeneration. A 230g male Slender-billed Parakeet or Choroy parakeet (Enicognathus leptorhynchus), with more than five years of age, was received with non-weight bearing lameness with 24 hours duration. X-rays were taken, and these revealed a closed, complete, non-comminuted transverse fracture of the distal diaphysis of the left tibiotarsal bone. Fixation was planned with 10-minute fast-setting epoxy putty. In order to assess the temperature of polymerization of the epoxy dough and the possibility of heat-bone necrosis, the temperature was recorded every 30 seconds for 12 minutes with three different amounts of the epoxy material in an ex vivo test. The temperature of the pieces reached a peak of 50-60ºC, where the highest peak corresponds to the highest amount of material. When approximately 6g of putty were used, the peak temperature reached only 51ºC. This peak changed to 58ºC when 4 times more epoxy was mixed and measured. If the temperature of the pins inserted in the bone exceeds 70ºC, bone necrosis could occur. In light of these results, the fracture was treated with 6 g of epoxy putty that was allowed to polymerize over a 1A 2/2 external skeletal fixation, with 1-mm pins bent at 90º and joined together with cerclage wire. At 6 weeks after surgery the bird had formed a good primary bone callus, and the external fixators were therefore removed. With this approach a satisfactory recovery of the patient was achieved with normal use of the affected limb.

The daytime air temperatures during the summer months in greenhouses of low and medium technological level in México are higher than the optimum levels of the crops, and require cooling to avoid crop stress from heat. Although natural ventilation is the principal mechanism for controlling climate in most of these greenhouses, information of their performance is scarce. The objective of the present study was to determine, by means of the energy balance method, the natural ventilation rates of a sierra type greenhouse equipped with insect screens in windows. In addition, a theoretical mathematical model of ventilation rates as a function of exterior wind velocity was adjusted to experimental data. The greenhouse is located at the experimental field of the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, in Chapingo, México. The study was carried out with a melon crop (Cucumis melo L.) under a hydroponic system and without cultivation. The parameters of the ventilation model were estimated with the algorithm of non-linear least squares. Results showed that the ventilation rates were higher when wind velocities were higher and without cultivation. The screens installed in the windows caused a reduction in ventilation rates of 48%. The theoretical ventilation model made an acceptable prediction of the ventilation rates according to the statistical indices of determination coefficients and square root of the mean squared error.

Las temperaturas diurnas del aire durante los meses de verano en los invernaderos de nivel tecnológico bajo y medio en México son mayores a las óptimas de los cultivos y se necesita de enfriamiento para evitar estrés del cultivo debido al exceso de calor. Aunque la ventilación natural es el principal mecanismo para controlar el clima en la mayoría de estos invernaderos, la información sobre su desempeño es escasa. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar, mediante el método de balance de energía, las tasas de ventilación natural de un invernadero tipo sierra equipado con malla anti-insectos en las ventanas. Además, un modelo matemático teórico de tasas de ventilación en función de la velocidad de viento exterior fue ajustado a datos experimentales. El invernadero está ubicado en el campo experimental de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, en Chapingo, México, y se estudió con un cultivo de melón (Cucumis melo L.) bajo un sistema hidropónico y sin cultivo. Los parámetros del modelo de ventilación se estimaron con el algoritmo de mínimos cuadrados no lineales. Los resultados mostraron que las tasas de ventilación fueron más altas cuando las velocidades del viento fueron mayores y sin cultivo. Las mallas instaladas en las ventanas causan una reducción de 48 % en las tasas de ventilación. El modelo teórico de ventilación predijo de manera aceptable las tasas de ventilación de acuerdo con los índices estadísticos de coeficiente de determinación y raíz cuadrada del error cuadrático medio.

Colloidal gold nanoparticles have been used as biomaterials since the 1970's. The main goal of developing biological sensors is to identify a number of human diseases and infections with high specificity and sensibility. Two of the most used methods to fabricate biofilms are the Langmuir-Blodgett and the Self-Assembled Monolayer techniques, which are used to obtain homogenous organic and inorganic monolayer films and thin films of organic compounds, respectively. We describe the fabrication of ring-structure colloidal gold nanofilms using both methods. Nanofilms were further characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy.

La teología actual demuestra un gran interés por orientarse hacia caminos de unidad. El presente escrito tiene como objetivo responder a ese interés, por medio de una exégesis sincrónica del texto Jn 4, 46-54, se llegará a concluir y aportar, que el diálogo del pluralismo religioso, requiere como uno de sus fundamentos, unir dos grandes ejes teológicos que son la vida y la fe. La tesis central consiste en resaltar la vida, con su correspondencia exegética y teológica, en el centro de todo el desarrollo de Jn 2-4, y es también el tema central de Jn 4, 46-54.

Current Theology displays a keen interest in being directed towards ways of unity. The following paper aims to respond to that interest through a synchronic exegesis of the passage John 4, 46-54. It is concluded that the dialogue of the religious pluralism requires as basis the connection of two important axis of Theology: life and faith. The main thesis consists of highlighting life, with its exegetic and theological linkage, as the centre of the entire development of John 2-4, being also the main topic of John 4, 46-54.

A teologia atual manifesta um grande interesse para orientar-se rumo a caminhos de unidade. O presente escrito tem como objetivo responder a esse interesse; por meio de uma exegese sincrônica do texto Jo 4, 46-54 se chegará a concluir e oferecer uma contribuição no sentido que o diálogo do pluralismo religioso, que pede, como um de seus fundamentos, a união dos dois grandes eixos teológicos que são a vida e a fé. A tese central consiste em ressaltar a vida, com sua correspondência exegética e teológica, no centro de todo o desenvolvimento de Jo 2-4, e é também o tema central de Jo 4, 46-54.

Resumen El artículo es una aproximación al tema de la Resurrección desde la perspectiva cristológica y la apocalíptica. La base para este escrito se encuentra en el pensamiento de Wolfhart Pannenberg, y algunas conclusiones sobre el problema de la muerte y resurrección de Jesús. El punto de partida es una reflexión sobre los horizontes procesuales de la Cristología, para poder situar al teólogo Pannenberg, del que se expone la crítica a que se ve sometido y los puntos que él mismo define a su favor. El punto segundo hace una revisión sintética de lo que es el binomio Muerte-Resurrección en la amplitud de la literatura apócrifa, los fundamentos histórico-literarios y la diversidad de perspectivas y esquemas que identificaban a la comunidad primitiva para hacer lectura de su evento fundante; y, en un tercer punto, los elementos de la apocalíptica como género apropiado para la experiencia y la comunicación del Kerygma.

Abstract This article is an approach to the resurrection from the Christo-logical and the apocalyptic perspective. The basis for this paper lies in the thought of Wolfhart Pannenberg, and some conclusions on the problem of death and resurrection of Jesus. The starting point is a reflection on procedural horizons of Christology, for it to place the theologian Pannenberg, who outlines the criticism to which it is subjected and the points defined by him in his own favor. The second point is a review summary of what the binomial Death-Resurrection is in the amplitude of the apocryphal literature, literary and historical fundamentals and the diversity of perspectives and schemes that identified the first community to read their founding event; and in a third point, the elements of the apocalyptic as an appropriate genre to the experience and communication of Kerygma.

Cardiomyopathies are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Myocarditis, which is included among specific cardiomyopathies, frequently presents non-specific clinical manifestations and thus may be difficult to diagnose, or even be misdiagnosed. Traditionally employed diagnostic techniques, including endomyocardial biopsy, have been shown to be of limited value. Following its overall implantation in clinical practice, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is nowadays widely considered to be the best non-invasive diagnostic tool available for diagnosing myocarditis.

Las miocardiopatías son una causa frecuente de morbimortalidad. Entre las miocardiopatías específicas se incluye la miocarditis, una entidad que con frecuencia se presenta con manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas y puede resultar de difícil diagnóstico o incluso pasar desapercibida. El éxito de las técnicas tradicionalmente empleadas para el diagnóstico de miocarditis, incluyendo la biopsia endomiocárdica, es limitado. Tras su implantación en la práctica clínica, la resonancia magnética (RM) cardiaca se ha convertido en la mejor técnica diagnóstica no invasiva disponible para el diagnóstico de miocarditis aguda.